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All men, from the time they are 15 years old, should learn how to perform testicular self-examinations (TSE). This is a simple, pain-free way to check what is normal for your testicles so you will notice any changes. And you should do it regularly. Early detection of testicular cancer can make a difference in the treatment of the disease.

How to check your testicles

• The best time to check your testicles is just after you've had a bath or shower when the muscles in the scrotum are relaxed, making it easier for you to feel any lumps, growths or tenderness.

1. Stand in front of the mirror. Look for any swelling on the skin of your scrotum. You should not feel any pain when checking your testicles.

2. Hold your scrotum in your hands so you can feel the size and weight of each testicle. It is common for one testicle to be slightly larger and it may also hang lower than the other.

3. Feel each testicle and roll it between your thumb and finger. It should feel smooth. You'll feel a soft, tender tube toward the back of each testicle. This is normal.

• After you've become familiar with how your scrotum feels, you'll know when there are any changes. Also make sure when you have your regular medical checkup with your doctor, you include a testicular exam.

Changes to look out for:

Testicular cancer may not always create a noticeable lump on your testicle.

Look out for:

• A hard lump - like a small pea - on the front or along the sides of either testicle;

• Any change in size, shape, tenderness or sensation of your testicles or scrotum;

• A change in the consistency or swelling of your testicles or scrotum;

• Pain in your testicles or scrotum;

• A dull ache or heaviness in your lower abdomen;

• Abnormal and persistent backache;

• Unexplained weight loss;

• Breast development;

Go to your doctor immediately if you notice any of these changes.

Tips are courtesy of Canadian Cancer Society (www.cancer.ca).